Evaluation of Synthetic CPT and Soil Boring Data by Various Spatial Interpolation Techniques

In order to incorporate the influence of collected in-situ data, the spatial correlation between the data and the foundation needs to be explored. However, risk and uncertainty are the characteristics of the soil that cannot be eliminated. Statistical information of the soil property can be estimated from available field data obtained from testing at discrete locations across the site. In this research, several well-established spatial interpolation methods like ordinary kriging (OK), simple kriging (SK), inverse distance weight (IDW), spline, natural neighbor (NaN) and universal kriging (UK) were incorporated to evaluate the best method. Six CPT (Cone penetration test) (Tip Resistance data) cases (Case 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 9) and four soil boring (SU and SPT data) cases (Case 2, 7 ,8 and 10) were investigated in this research. According to the results, for Case 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 9 and 10, if the first priority is given to bias factor followed by coefficient of variation (COV) and root mean square error (RMSE), the best three spatial interpolation techniques are IDW, OK and SK sequentially, based on their performance. For Case 5 (CPT data), the best three spatial interpolation techniques are OK, IDW and SK sequentially. For Case 6 (CPT data), the best three spatial interpolation techniques are SK, IDW and OK sequentially. For Case 8 (Soil Boring data), the best three spatial interpolation techniques are IDW, SK and OK sequentially. It can be concluded that the average COV of bias factor λ (for qc, SU and SPT data) for different spatial interpolation methods are less than the average measured COV of predicted average tip resistance and the measured COV of undrained shear strength and SPT (standard penetration test)

Creating a more efficient financial system : challenges for Bangladesh

While Bangladesh has embarked on a path to reform its financial system, most prominently by privatizing its government-owned banks, the Nationalized Commercial Banks (NCBs), a sustainable long-term expansion of the financial system requires a more substantial change in the role of government. Using recent research and international comparisons, this paper argues that the government should move from its role as an operator and arbiter in the financial system to a facilitator role. This implies not only divestment from government-owned banks, but also de-politicization of the licensing process and a market-based bank failure resolution framework that focuses on intermediation and not on the rescue of individual institutions. Most important, the government should move away from the implicit guarantee for depositors and owners to applying the existing limited explicit deposit insurance for depositors, while simultaneously relying more on market participants to monitor and discipline banks instead of micro-managing financial institutions. This redefinition of government's role should not be limited to the banking system, but applies to other segments of the financial system, such as capital markets and the micro-finance sector, and should be seen as an essential element in the governance reform agenda and in the movement from a relationship-based economy to a market and arms-length economy.Banks&Banking Reform,Economic Theory&Research,Financial Intermediation,Investment and Investment Climate,Corporate Law

Vibrating nanoneedle and lab-on-chip microfluidics system for single cell mechanics

Single cell mechanics is a vital part of single cell analysis. It has attracted great interest among scientists as cell mechanics can be linked to early diagnosis of diseases. To date, several great findings have been achieved in the study of single cell mechanics. Nevertheless, more work are required to enable the technology to be pushed to the frontier of single cell mechanics. Considering this objective, this work focuses on the technological development of two major parameters of single cell mechanics: Single Cell Wall (SCW) cutting operations (Phase 01) and Single Cell Mass (SCM) measurement (Phase 02). A saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cell was used as a sample cell. In phase 01, a vibrating nanoneedle (tungsten) integrated with lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric actuator was used for SCW cutting operation. Two different frequencies of vibrating nanoneedle were used for cell wall cutting operation: 1 Hz and 10 Hz. For a constant penetration depth of 1.2 µm, the obtained cell nanoneedle’s velocities were 7 µm/s and 24 µm/s. Results show that faster nanoneedle causes less damage to the cell surface. In phase 02, a Lab-On-Chip microfluidics system was used for SCM measurement. SCM result was extracted from the relation between drag force applied on cell and Newton’s law of motion. Drag force on the cell has been generated by a pressure driven syringe micropump. This approach of measuring SCM was calibrated using a known mass (73.5 pico gram) of polystyrene particle of 5.2 µm diameter. Different sizes (2-7 µm diameter) of yeast cells were cultured in our laboratory. Mass of 4.4 µm diameter of yeast cell was measured as 2.12 pg. In addition, results show that single yeast cell mass increases exponentially with the increase of cell size. It is envisaged that this work i.e. combination of single cell cutting operation and single cell mass measurement system will add a significant contribution to the knowledge of cell mechanics and single cell analysis

バングラデシュ北東部における木質燃料とその代替品の商業的な利用と供給の地理的変異

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(農学)甲第23390号農博第2463号新制||農||1086(附属図書館)学位論文||R3||N5347(農学部図書室)京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻(主査)教授 北島 薫, 教授 神﨑 護, 准教授 三谷 羊平学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Agricultural ScienceKyoto UniversityDGA

QUANTIFICATION AND CLASS! FICA TION OF MICRO POROSITY IN A MIOCENE CARBONATE PLATFORM OF CENTRAL LUCONIA, OFFSHORE SARA WAK, MALAYSIA AND ITS EFFECTS ON RESERVOIR PROPERTIES

The effects of microporosity on carbonates have been addressed in numerous publications; there is, however, almost no published literature on microporosity in the Miocene carbonates of Southeast Asia. This study aims at quantifying, and classifying microporosity in the Miocene carbonate reservoirs of Central Luconia, offshore Sarawak and at assessing its effects on reservoir properties. Digital Image Analysis (DIA) of thin sections and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images are useful tools to quantify porosity in reservoir rocks. DIA technique uses thin section images taken under polarizing microscope, fluorescence microscope, and scanning electron microscope to estimate the amount of microporosity present in carbonate reservoirs. The quantification of microporosity leads to determining its empirical relationships with permeability and sonic velocity. These relationships can be used for a better understanding of the reservoir system. This study on the Miocene carbonate reservoirs of Central Luconia, offshore Sarawak, Malaysia revealed an inverse relationship between microporosity and permeability. Permeability in the Miocene carbonate reservoir is reduced with an increase in microporosity at different depths in the same reservoir, characterized by the same amount of total porosity. The relationship between porosity and permeability in the Miocene carbonate reservoirs shows a better correlation when microporosity is considered and subtracted from the total porosity of the reservoir. Microporosity in the carbonate reservoirs of Central Luconia, offshore Sarawak, affects the elastic properties of the rock. Microporosity reduces the sonic velocity of the Miocene carbonate reservoirs. Microporosity can occur in grain, cement or matrix and it is related to the diagenetic history of the carbonate reservoirs. Depending on the crystallometry and morphometry of micrite particles, microporosity can vary both in amount and in nature (microporosity can reach up to 25% by volume of the rock or 80% of the total porosity of the reservoir)

Etiology and Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury: A Comprehensive Study in Four Tertiary Centers of Dhaka

Introduction: This study was conducted to determine the etiology and outcomes of AKI in 4 tertiary centers of Dhaka, Bangladesh irrespective of RRT requirement and the hospital setting in which they were treated. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out in 4 tertiary care centers (Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, National Institute of Kidney Disease and Urology, Dhaka Shishu Hospital, and Dhaka Medical College Hospital) and 3 NICUs (Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka Shishu Hospital and Dhaka Medical College Hospital of Dhaka) from January 2013 to December 2014. For the purpose of this study, AKI was defined according to the pediatric RIFLE (risk, injury, failure, loss, and end stage) criteria. All children admitted to the Pediatric Nephrology Inpatient Department and NICU of these hospitals were enrolled in the study. Data were collected from the registry of the hospitals. Ethics approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board. Results: A total of 2285 patients in the Nephrology Ward and 3764 patients in the NICU were included in the study. About 8.1% (185) of the patients had AKI, and the death rate was 18.5%. Out of 3764 children in the NICU, 530 had AKI and 17.2% of the patients died.Conclusions: The renal cause of AKI was the most predominant causes in our setting in hospitalized patients and perinatal asphyxia was a predominant cause of AKI in neonates. The overall mortality rate was 13-26%, which is comparable to other South Asian countries. Keywords: Acute kidney injury; Etiology; Outcome; Child

Assessment of Neonatal Renal Function A Clinical dilemma

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v4i2.8629 BSMMU J 2011; 4(2):5

AN ANALYSIS ON THE LEATHER INDUSTRY OF BANGLADESH: IDENTIFICATION OF BARRIERS, CHALLENGES, AND WAY OUTS

The leather industry of Bangladesh has huge potential. Despite the availability of raw skins, low-cost labor, and the fact that this sector began a few decades ago, it has not evolved to its full potential. Furthermore, this sector's performance is deteriorating. The main purpose of this study is to explore the major causes behind such a downturn and also try to point out the major barriers, challenges, and make suggestions for combating these challenges. The data acquired via a questionnaire from officials of 45 different companies were reviewed by the researcher in order to achieve these objectives. In analyzing and making interpretation simple tabular along with graphical methods have been employed. The majority of participants gave positive replies when it came to the availability of high-quality indigenous raw hides, low-cost efficient labor, electricity, gas, and water supplies. Respondents had negative attitudes toward the availability of indigenous sub-materials and chemicals, infrastructural development in accordance with international standards, the Central Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP), the existence of an appropriate integrated plan, and the use of sophisticated technology, among other things. The study's last section outlines the significant limitations/barriers, challenges/threats, and recommendations for overcoming these potential challenges in Bangladesh's leather sector. This section was created primarily from the responses to four descriptive questions in the questionnaire's lower section.  Keywords: Leather industry, Relocation, CETP, LWG certification

Association of CagA+ helicobacter pylori infection and gastric carcinoma

The aim of this study was to find out the association of the CagA+ Helicobactor pylori infection and gastric carcinoma. This cross sectional comparative study was conducted on 40 patients of gastric carcinoma and 40 healthy volunteers from January 2011 to December 2012.  Then, Cag A status was ascertained in both the groups by ELISA method. There was no significant difference between the case and control in relation to Cag A status.  &nbsp

Comparative Study of Internet Usage Among University Students: A Study of the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh

Internet is a versatile tool used by the students that draws attention of many researchers. But little research has been found regarding the comparative study of internet usage among university students. For this reason, the study surveyed the internet usage among university students coming from Business Studies, Science & Arts disciplines at University of Dhaka, Bangladesh and the overall perceptions towards the internet usage. So we developed a survey questionnaire and collected data on students’ demographics, internet usage behavior and purposes of internet use. Therefore, we distributed 50 questionnaires to each discipline and a total of 150 questionnaires were returned and all were usable. Then we analyzed the obtained data using SPSS. The results show that the percentage of internet usage among the students coming from Business Studies, Science and Arts disciplines is 100%, 92% and 90% respectively. The study recommends that the students coming from Science and Arts background should enhance the internet usage. And the students from all backgrounds should enhance the frequency of internet access per day and invest more on internet usage. The study also recommends that the universities should provide adequate internet facilities and enabling environment for student. This study provides a theoretical and empirical basis for further studies on internet usage of university students